Implementation Program of Physical Education: Movement Education

Basically, movement education is one of the implementation model of physical education programs that put more emphasis on the mastery of movement. This model adheres to the philosophy of human movement. Some figures of this model include Kate Barrett, Bette Logsdon, and George Graham.

The purpose of this approach is especially so children can:

• Move skillfully, can show a variety of motion effectively and efficiently in planned situations (close skill) or unplanned (open skill).
• More aware of the meaning and sense of motion itself, and enjoy it both as actors and as spectators.
• Improving knowledge and apply knowledge of motion in everyday life.

Implementation model of physical education programs are classified into three categories: dance, gymnastics, and games. Because this model adheres to the philosophy of human movement, then the learning activities in the curriculum is a translation of movement concepts, such as general and self space, quality of business, and relationships with other people or objects.

Gymnastics activities and games in the curriculum model is no longer emphasizes the aspects of competition, but more emphasis on the acquisition of creativity and aesthetic pleasure. Therefore, the model of education tend to be more appreciative movement of motion of the aesthetic dimension than the dimension of competition. Students are taught how to appreciate the aesthetic movement of the hand and its meaning as we appreciate the victory in a game.

As a consequence, learning in this model is more innovative. Direct teaching is very rarely done. Teaching styles are commonly used are: problem solving, guided discovery, and exploration. Student learning is considered as a decision maker. Meanwhile, teaching styles aimed at creating situations that can cause students more creative, innovative, and independent.

When viewed from the fact, this model is more likely to be applied to the lower classes, especially from the beginning tamn childhood to grade 3 elementary school. Often also applied to the 4-6 grade elementary school. But very rarely applied in high school. Teaching style that is often used as the style of exploration, namely the child was told to explore perform a variety of basic movements.

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Sports and Physical Education

Although until now the formulation of sport is still controversial, but to simply know the difference in physical education, can be seen on one of the definition of sport. International Council of Sport and Physical Education (ICSPE) suggest that sports is any physical activity that contains the game and contains a struggle with oneself or with others, or confrontation with the elements of nature. When coupled with education, then the wording into sports education, which means the process of education through sport and education process for the sport.

From the above definition, it seems clear that there is little difference in terms of learning activities and objectives. Activities and objectives of physical education is much broader than sports activities and educational purposes. Activity in physical education is limited to activities that shaped the sport. Meanwhile activities in physical education is much more widely, which can be a sport or other physical activities such as recreation, adventure, social activity, or range of motion base.

When viewed from the objective, physical education and physical education are both aiming to achieve educational goals. However, in addition to physical education at the same time it aims to improve sports skills. Meanwhile, physical education as well as aiming to improve physical abilities, which includes the ability to exercise. Therefore, sports and physical education are part of physical education.

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The Purpose of Physical Education in Schools

As discussed in previous posts, physical education is an educational process which is done through the media to develop the individual's physical activity as a whole.  

Thus, the physical education learning objectives should include objectives in developing the psychomotor domain, cognitive domain and affective domain of individual students.

Simply put, physical education for students aiming for:

1. Develop knowledge and skills relating to physical activity, aesthetic development, and social development.
2. Develop confidence and ability to master basic motor skills that will encourage participation in various physical activities.
3. Obtain and maintain an optimal degree of physical fitness to perform daily tasks efficiently and in control.
4. Develop personal values ​​through participation in physical activity both corporately and individually.
5. Participate in physical activities that can develop social skills that enable students to function effectively in relationships between people.
6. Enjoy the fun and joy through physical activity, including sports games.

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Definition of Physical Education

Some people are often mistaken in defining physical education. They often assume that physical education with sport education. Simply put, physical education is defined as a process of education through physical activity. the goal is the development of individuals who acquired through experience of motion. 

In a broader context, physical education is defined as a process of learning through physical activities designed to improve physical fitness, develop motor skills, knowledge and behavior of healthy and active living, sportsmanship, and emotional intelligence. Thus, Physical Education is not only aimed at physical development but also includes the development of the individual as a whole. 

Physical Education is a means to encourage the development of motor skills, physical abilities, knowledge, reasoning, appreciation of the value (attitude-mental-emotional-spiritual-social), and habituation healthy lifestyle that leads to stimulate growth and balanced development. 

With Physical Education students will acquire a variety of expressions are closely related with the personal impressions of fun as well as various expressions of a creative, innovative, skilled, have the physical fitness, healthy habits and have the knowledge and understanding of human motion. 

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